George Hay

George Upham Hay was a tireless botanist, educator and jounalist who, among many other activities, assembled a considerable list of New Brunswick fungi. This list, including 220 fleshy fungi, was published in four landmark papers and was backed by many herbarium specimens, identified or confirmed by leading mycologists of the day. Among these collections are specimens identified by George Atkinson, William Farlow, Charles Peck and Curtis Gates Lloyd. He was also an encouraging correspondant for other collectors such as Reginald Gates in Sackville and James Vroom in St. Stephen. Most of Hay's collections were made around Saint John.

Hay's four publications are:

Hay, G.U. 1901. Preliminary list of New Brunswick fungi. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. NB 4: 341- 344.

Hay, G.U. 1903. New Brunswick fungi. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. NB 5: 109-120.

Hay, G.U. 1905. Additions to New Brunswick fungi. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. NB 5: 362-363.

Hay, G.U. 1908. The fungi of New Brunswick. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. NB 6: 40-43.

The following list is derived from these four important papers. It lists all of the records cited in those papers according to the name used by Hay. Many of these names are unfamiliar to us today and have been changed over that last century to agree with modern taxonomic thought. The second column therefore lists the names we currently use. Of course some of these will themselves be changed as taxonomic concepts evolve. The third column is the date of Hay's publication wherein the name appears. The fourth column, a very important one, indicates the location of one or more herbaria where Hay's specimens are presently housed. These follow the standard herbarium acronyms outlined in the discussion of the New Brunswick Checklist. Where no specimen voucher is known the location is marked as "Unknown". Finally, the fifth column indicates whether the particular record has been included in the New Brunswick Checklist.

Although Hay's records are an important landmark in New Bunswick mycology, the individual records are of uneven value to us. The identity of those backed by an actual specimen in a herbarium can be checked, either microscopically or by DNA analysis. These undisputedly belong on the provincial list. Others are maintained on the list even though they lack vouchers, because we have available to us later collections of the same species. The remainder were not preserved by Hay, have never been collected again in New Brunswick and are not included in the checklist. These (about 70 of Hay's 220 records) need to be re-collected and saved as herbarium vouchers. Some of Hay's unsubstantiated identifications are certainly good. For example, Aphroditeola rosea, Clitocybe gibba, Hygrophorus pudorinus and Ossicaulis lignatilis will almost certainly be found in the province. Continued collecting will validate many of these remaining records.

HAY NAMECURRENT NAMEDATEVOUCHERON NB CHECKLIST
Agaricus campesterAgaricus campestris1901UnknownY
Agaricus diminutivusAgaricus diminutivus1908UnknownY
Agaricus silvicolaAgaricus silvicola1901UnknownN
Amanita flaviconiaAmanita flaviconia1903CUPY
Amanita frostianaAmanita frostiana1903UnknownN
Amanita mappaAmanita citrina1903UnknownY
Amanita muscariaAmanita muscaria1901UnknownY
Amanita muscaria var. formosaAmanita muscaria var. guessowii1903CUPY
Amanita phalloides1Amanita phalloides1903UnknownN
Amanita rubescensAmanita rubescens1905FHY
Amanita spretaAmanita spreta1905UnknownY
Amanita vernaAmanita verna1903UnknownY
Amanita virosaAmanita virosa1903CUPY
Amanitopsis vaginataAmanita vaginata1901UnknownY
Armillaria aurantiaTricholoma aurantium1903FHY
Armillaria imperialisCatathelasma imperiale1903, 1905FHY
Armillaria megalopodaLimacella furnacea1903UnknownN
Armillaria melleaArmillaria mellea1903WISY
Armillaria ponderosaCatathelasma ventricosa21903WISY
Armillaria robustaTricholoma robustum1903FHY
Boletinus palusterFuscoboletinus paluster1903BPI, FHY
Boletinus pictusSuillus spraguei1905UnknownY
Boletus albellusLeccinum albellum1905UnknownN
Boletus albusBoletus albus1903, 1905UnknownN
Boletus americanusSuillus americanus1903UnknownY
Boletus badiusBoletus badius1903UnknownY
Boletus bovinusSuillus bovinus1901UnknownN
Boletus cavipesSuillus cavipes1903FHY
Boletus chromapesHarrya chromapes1901UnknownY
Boletus edulisBoletus edulis1901FHY
Boletus edulis var. clavipesBoletus edulis var. clavipes1905UnknownN
Boletus elbensisFuscoboletinus viscidus1908FHY
Boletus flavusSuillus flavus1901UnknownN
Boletus luridusBoletus luridus1901UnknownN
Boletus luteusSuillus luteus1903CUPY
Boletus ornatipesRetiboletus ornatipes1905UnknownN
Boletus piperatusBoletus piperatus1901FHY
Boletus scaberLeccinum scabrum1901, 1903UnknownY
Boletus serotinusSuillus serotinus1905UnknownN
Boletus subtomentosusBoletus subtomentosus1901, 1905FHY
Boletus vermiculosusBoletus vermiculosus1905UnknownN
Boletus versipellisLeccinum versipelle1903UnknownN
Cantharellus aurantiacusHygrophoropsis aurantiaca1901FHY
Cantharellus brevipesGomphus clavatus1903, 1905UnknownY
Cantharellus cibariusCantharellus cibarius1901UnknownY
Cantharellus cibarius var. confertifolius3Cantharellus cibarius var. confertifolius1903NYSY
Cantharellus cibarius var. plicatellus3Cantharellus cibarius var. plicatellus1903NYSY
Cantharellus cibarius var. simplex3Cantharellus cibarius var. simplex1903UnknownN
Cantharellus dichotomusCantharellula umbonata1903CUP, FHY
Cantharellus floccosusGomphus floccosus1903UnknownY
Cantharellus infundibuliformisCraterellus infundibuliformis1905UnknownY
Cantharellus rosellusAphroditeola olida1905UnknownN
Claudopus nidulansPhyllotopsis nidulans1903UnknownY
Clavaria amethystinaClavulina amethystina1903UnknownN
Clavaria aureaRamaria aurea1901UnknownY
Clavaria cinereaClavulina cinerea1903UnknownY
Clavaria coralloidesClavulina coralloides1901UnknownY
Clavaria cristataClavulina cristata1901UnknownY
Clavaria fastigiataRamaria fastigiata1901UnknownN
Clavaria flavaRamaria flava1903UnknownN
Clavaria formosaRamaria flava1901UnknownY
Clavaria fumosaClavaria fumosa1908UnknownY
Clavaria fusiformisClavulinopsis fusiformis1903FHY
Clavaria rugosaClavulina rugosa1903FHY
Clitocybe clavipesAmpulloclitocybe clavipes1903CUPY
Clitocybe cyathiformisCantharellula cyathiformis1903UnknownN
Clitocybe infundibuliformisInfundibulicybe gibba1901UnknownY
Clitocybe laccataLaccaria laccata1903, 1905UnknownY
Clitocybe metachroaClitocybe metachroa1903CUPY
Clitocybe nebularisClitocybe nebularis1903CUPY
Clitocybe ochropurpureaLaccaria ochropurpurea1901, 1908UnknownY
Clitopilus abortivusEntoloma abortivum1903UnknownN
Clitopilus orcellaClitopilus prunulus1903UnknownN
Collybia acervataGymnopus acervatus1901FHY
Collybia butyraceaRhodocollybia butyracea1901UnknownN
Collybia confluensGymnopus confluens1903CUPY
Collybia dryophilaGymnopus dryophilus1908UnknownY
Collybia familiaClitocybula familia1903UnknownY
Collybia fusipesGymnopus fusipes1905UnknownN
Collybia longipesXerula pudens1905UnknownN
Collybia maculataRhodocollybia maculata1903CUPY
Collybia platyphyllaMegacollybia platyphylla1903UnknownY
Collybia radicataXerula radicata1905UnknownY
Coprinus atramentariusCoprinopsis atramentaria1901UnknownY
Coprinus comatusCoprinus comatus1903UnknownY
Coprinus plicatilisParasola plicatilis1903UnknownN
Cortinarius alboviolaceusCortinarius alboviolaceus1905UnknownY
Cortinarius armillatusCortinarius armillatus1901FHY
Cortinarius asperCortinarius asper1905UnknownY
Cortinarius caerulescensCortinarius caerulescens1903FHY
Cortinarius castaneusCortinarius castaneus1905UnknownN
Cortinarius cinnamomeusCortinarius cinnamomeus1901, 1903UnknownY
Cortinarius cinnamomeus var. semisanguineusCortinarius semisanguineus1903UnknownY
Cortinarius collinitusCortinarius collinitus1903UnknownY
Cortinarius everniusCortinarius evernius1903FHY
Cortinarius lignariusCortinarius lignarius1903CUPY
Cortinarius ochroleucusCortinarius ochroleucus1905UnknownN
Cortinarius purpurascensCortinarius purpurascens1905UnknownN
Cortinarius rimosusCortinarius rimosus1903UnknownN
Cortinarius sanguineusCortinarius sanguineus1905UnknownN
Cortinarius scaurusCortinarius scaurus1903UnknownY
Cortinarius versicolorCortinarius versicolor1903UnknownY
Cortinarius violaceus4Cortinarius violaceus1901FHY
Craterellus cornucopioidesCraterellus cornucopioides1905UnknownY
Crepidotus mollisCrepidotus mollis1903FHY
Entoloma rhodopoliumEntoloma rhodopolium1908UnknownY
Flammula penetransGymnopilus penetrans1903UnknownY
Flammula sapineaGymnopilus sapineus1905UnknownN
Flammula spumosaPholiota spumosa1903UnknownY
Gomphideus glutinosusGomphideus glutinosus1905FHY
Hydnum albonigrumPhellodon melaleucus1905FHY
Hydnum aurantiacumHydnellum aurantiacum1903FHY
Hydnum caeruleumHydnellum caeruleum1903BPI, FHY
Hydnum compactumHydnellum compactum1903UnknownN
Hydnum coralloidesHericium coralloides1903, 1908UnknownY
Hydnum cyathiformePhellodon tomentosus1903UnknownY
Hydnum fusipesHydnum fusipes1903UnknownN
Hydnum imbricatumSarcodon imbricatus1901, 1903UnknownN
Hydnum nigrumPhellodon niger1903FHY
Hydnum repandumHydnum repandum1901FHY
Hydnum rufescensHydnum repandum var. rufescens1901, 1903FHY
Hydnum scrobiculatumHydnellum scrobiculatum1903FHY
Hydnum suaveolensHydnellum suaveolens1903UnknownY
Hydnum umbilicatumHydnum umbilicatum1903CUPY
Hydnum zonatumHydnellum zonatum1903BPI, CUPY
Hygrophorus aureusHygrophorus hypothejus1903FHY
Hygrophorus chrysodonHygrophorus chrysodon1903FHY
Hygrophorus conicusHygrocybe conica1908UnknownY
Hygrophorus eburneusHygrophorus eburneus1901FH, CUPY
Hygrophorus erubescensHygrophorus erubescens1901, 1903CUPY
Hygrophorus flavodiscusHygrophorus flavodiscus1903UnknownN
Hygrophorus fuligineusHygrophorus fuligineus1903FHY
Hygrophorus minatusHygrocybe minata1901CUPY
Hygrophorus pudorinusHygrophorus pudorinus1903UnknownN
Hygrophorus speciosusHygrophorus speciosus1903UnknownY
Hygrophorus virgineusCuphophyllus virgineus1903UnknownY
Hypholoma appendiculatumPsathyrella candolleana1903UnknownN
Hypholoma capnoidesHypholoma capnoides1903CUPY
Hypholoma hydrophilumPsathyrella hydrophila1903NY
Hypholoma perplexumHypholoma perplexum1903NN
Hypholoma sublateritiumHypholoma sublateritium1903NY
Lactarius atroviridisLactarius atroviridis1903CUPY
Lactarius deliciosusLactarius deliciosus1901FHY
Lactarius flexuosusLactarius flexuosus1908UnknownN
Lactarius fuliginosusLactarius fuliginosus1903CUPY
Lactarius glyciosmusLactarius glyciosmus1903UnknownY
Lactarius lignyotusLactarius lignyotus1903CUPY
Lactarius piperatusLactarius piperatus1901UnknownN
Lactarius pyrogalusLactarius pyrogalus1903UnknownY
Lactarius pysginusLactarius hysginus1903UnknownN
Lactarius resimusLactarius resimus1905UnknownN
Lactarius rubescensLactarius rubescens1903CUPY
Lactarius rufusLactarius rufus1903CUPY
Lactarius sordidusLactarius sordidus1903FHY
Lactarius subdulcisLactarius subdulcis1903CUPY
Lactarius theiogalusLactarius theiogalus1903UnknownY
Lactarius torminosusLactarius torminosus1905UnknownY
Lactarius turpisLactarius turpis1908UnknownN
Lactarius uvidusLactarius uvidus1905UnknownY
Lactarius vellariusLactarius vellarius1903CUPY
Lentinus cochleatusLentinellus cochleatus1905UnknownN
Lentinus lepideusLentinus lepideus1901UnknownY
Lepiota adnatifoliaCystodermella adnatifolia1903UnknownN
Lepiota americanaLeucoagaricus americanus1903UnknownN
Lepiota carchariusCystoderma carcharius1905UnknownY
Lepiota granulosa var. rufescensCystolepiota hetieri1903UnknownN
Lepiota naucinaLeucoagaricus leucothites1903, 1905CUP, FHY
Lycoperdon gemmatumLycoerdon perlatum1901UnknownY
Lycoperdon cepaeformeBovista aestivalis1908BPIY
Lycoperdon pyriformeLycoperdon pyriforme1901FH, WISY
Lycoperdon wrightiiLycoperdon wrightii1908UnknownN
Marasmius oreadesMarasmius oreades1901UnknownY
Marasmius rotulaMarasmius rotula1903UnknownY
Mutinus bovinusMutinus elegans1903UnknownN
Mycena leaianaMycena leaiana1905CUPY
Mycena sudoraMycena sudora1903UnknownN
Omphalia campanellaXeromphalina campanella1901, 1903CUP, WISY
Panus stipticusPanellus stipticus1901UnknownY
Paxillus involutusPaxillus involutus1903CUPY
Paxillus strigosusPaxillus strigosus1905UnknownN
Pholiota caperataCortinarius caperatus1903UnknownY
Pholiota floccosa5Pholiota floccosa1903UnknownN
Pholiota squarrosaPholiota squarrosa1903CUPY
Pholiota lignatilisOssicaulis lignatilis1903UnknownN
Pleurotus porrigensPleurocybella porrigens1901FHY
Pleurotus serotinusPanellus porrigens1901BPI, FHY
Pleurotus ulmariusHypsizygus ulmarius1903FHY
Plicatura fagineaPlicaturopsis crispa1903UnknownY
Russsula alutaceaRusssula alutacea1901UnknownN
Russsula aurataRusssula aurata1901UnknownN
Russsula citrinaRusssula citrina1903UnknownN
Russsula depallensRusssula depallens1908UnknownN
Russsula emeticaRusssula emetica1901UnknownN
Russula furcataRusssula furcata1908CUPY
Russula heterophyllaRussula heterophylla1901FHY
Russula pectinataRussula pectinata1908UnknownN
Russula puellaris var. intensiorRussula puellaris var. intensior1908UnknownN
Russula punctataRussula amoena1905UnknownN
Russula rubraRussula rubra1905UnknownN
Scleroderma vulgareScleroderma citrinum1901UnknownY
Stropharia semiglobataProtostropharia semiglobata1908UnknownN
Stropharia stercorariaProtostropharia semiglobata1903UnknownN
Tricholoma decorosumLeucopholiota decorosa1908UnknownN
Tricholoma equestreLeucopholiota equestre1908UnknownY
Tricholoma frumentaceumTricholoma frumentaceum1903CUPY
Tricholoma imbricatumTricholoma imbricatum1903CUPY
Tricholoma personatumLepista personata1903UnknownN
Tricholoma portentosumTricholoma portentosum1903UnknownY
Tricholoma radicataTricholomopsis radicata1905UnknownN
Tricholoma russulaHygrophorus russula1903FHY
Tricholoma rutilansTricholomopsis rutilans1901CUPY
Tricholoma sejunctumTricholoma sejunctum1903FH, CUPY
Tricholoma subacutumTricholoma subacutum1903UnknownN
Tricholoma terreumTricholoma terreum1903FHY
Tricholoma transmutansTricholoma transmutans1903CUPY
Tricholoma ustaleTricholoma ustale1903UnknownN
Tricholoma vaccinumTricholoma vaccinum1903CUPY
Tricholoma virgatumTricholoma virgatum1903UnknownY
Trogia crispaPlicaturopsis crispa1903WISY
Trogia crispa var. alnicolaPlicatura nivea1903UnknownN

1 The notorious Amanita phalloides appears on a number of early lists of North American fungi, but according to Ammirati, Traquair and Horgan (Poisonous Mushrooms of Canada. Fitzhenry & Whiteside, Marham, Ontario. 1985) most of these records were based on misidentifications of A. brunnescens, A. citrina or A. porphyrea. Hay did not list either A. brunnescens or A. porphyrea in any of his publications, in spite of the fact that both species are commonly found in New Brunswick, suggesting that he might have misidentified one of these as A. phalloides. There is a collection in FH of A. brunnescens collected by Hay in October, 1902, but the label data does not indicate who identified it. Unfortunately there appear to be no Hay collections identified as A. phalloides available in herbaria, so I have left this record off the checklist. However, this species is known to occur in eastern North America and may yet to be documented in New Brunswick.

2 The name Armillaria ponderosa is listed on Index Fungorum as a synonym of Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead. The original collection cited by Hay in 1903 was made in St. Stephen by James Vroom. William Farlow identified this collection as Armillaria ponderosa and illustrated it in his Icones Farlowianae with a life-size watercolour. There is no doubt this was Catathelasma ventricosa and it is now filed under this name in the Farlow Herbarium. Interestingly, Farlow had originally filed this in a packet labeled Armillaria laschii, an enigmatic name no longer in general use.

3 These three varieties of Cantharellus cibarius are questionable and, according to Dr. R. H. Petersen (Ĉeská Mycol. 29: 199-204. 1975) should be considered to be illegitimate and rejected. The first two, C. cibarius var. confertifolius and C. cibarius var. plicatellus are, according to Petersen, nomina nuda, meaning the names were proposed by Hay and attributed to Charles Peck, but never formally described according to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Cantharellus cibarius var. simplex was also attributed by Hay to Peck, although there seems to be no publication where Peck actually created the name and no specimen of it in Peck's herbarium. Because there is material deposited in NYS for C. cibarius var. confertifolius and C. cibarius var. plicatellus I have included them on the checklist, but with a note indicating their illegitimacy.

4 This beautiful cedar-scented mushroom is known in two varieties, C. violaceus var. violaceus and C. violaceus var. hercynicus. The variety violaceus is said to be associated with broad-leaf trees, especially poplar, birch and beech, while the variety hercynicus grows in forests dominated by spruce. The specimens cited by Hay were collected by William Farlow on Campobello Island, where both spruce and birch are common. Since the label data makes no mention of habitat it is not possible to draw conclusions about which of the two varieties it might be. There is a slight difference in the width of the basidiospores between the two varieties, so examination of the collection at FH might resolve the issue. Evidence from DNA would of course be the best way to settle on an identification.

5 The name Pholiota floccosa seems to be another nomen nudum published by Hay. I can find no records of this name being used by other mycologists. There is no herbarium voucher to check for this one. Wehmeyer (The Fungi of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, National Reseach Council, Ottawa. 1950) thought it might be P. squarrosa, but this is only an educated guess.